Precision Forestry-Technological Advancements in Forest Science

Precision forestry integrates advanced technologies to revolutionize forest management, enhancing productivity, sustainability, and environmental stewardship. This review explores recent developments across multiple domains, including forest inventory, tree improvement, timber harvesting, and wood processing. Technological tools such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and satellite remote sensing have significantly improved forest inventory accuracy, species identification, and real-time pest outbreak monitoring. In tree improvement, Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) experiments and mini-plug techniques demonstrate how genetic and environmental responses to elevated CO₂ levels and nursery innovations can optimize seedling quality and forest growth. Mechanized harvesting technologies, such as software-assisted multi-tree handling, improve operational efficiency, while advancements in organosolv and Kraft pulping enhance pulp quality and sustainability. Additionally, deep learning models and X-ray computed tomography are facilitating automated wood quality assessment, offering non-destructive insights into density, moisture, and defect detection. Despite the promise of precision forestry, challenges persist, including high implementation costs, technological integration hurdles, and the need for skilled personnel. Addressing these barriers is crucial for the widespread adoption of precision forestry in sustainable forest management.