Provenance-based Variation in Seed Traits of Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus in Western Himalayas

The present study investigated provenance variation in seed characteristics of Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus (Ban Oak) across fifteen distinct locations in Western Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh. Mature acorns were collected from phenotypically superior trees representing altitudinal gradients ranging from 1220 m to 2206 m above mean sea level. Key seed traits such as acorn length, width, moisture content, and 100-seed weight were analyzed. Significant variation was observed among provenances and seed size categories. These traits are important for improving the planting stock material in hand. The largest acorn size (2.28 cm length, 1.21 cm width), highest moisture content (63.87%), and maximum 100-seed weight (239.15 g) was at Haripurdhar (P₉), the highest elevation site. Seed size grading revealed that large seeds (S₃) consistently showed superior physical attributes, including the highest acorn weight (2.82 g) and moisture content (64.88%). The variation in seed traits suggests a strong influence of altitudinal and environmental gradients on seed development, which could have significant implications for seedling vigor, natural regeneration, and conservation strategies. This study provides valuable insights into seed quality parameters useful for selecting optimal seed sources for afforestation and restoration programs in Himalayan ecosystems.