Biodiversity Citizen Science in Meghalaya: Case Study of Potentials, Public Perceptions and Attitudes in the Eastern Himalayas

Biodiversity Citizen Science (BCS) has emerged as an effective participatory approach for biodiversity monitoring and conservation, particularly in regions with limited formal data. This pilot study evaluates the potential of BCS in Meghalaya, a biodiversity-rich state in Northeast India, by examining public perceptions, attitudes, and participation patterns. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and two biodiversity photography contests conducted under varying motivational conditions. A total of 94 participants contributed 1,690 biodiversity records across taxonomic groups and regions. Quantitative analysis using analysis of variance revealed that age (p = 0.030), urban ecological orientation (p = 0.035), and mental connection with nature (p = 0.020) significantly influenced participation, whereas gender and education were not significant predictors. Qualitative findings highlighted emotional affinity, cultural ties, and curiosity as key drivers of engagement. Participation increased notably when incentives were introduced, although elevated engagement persisted beyond the incentive phase. The study demonstrates that BCS can effectively bridge traditional ecological knowledge and scientific documentation, fostering ecological awareness and inclusive conservation. These findings underscore the relevance of citizen science as a scalable tool for participatory biodiversity monitoring and policy-relevant conservation in the Eastern Himalayas.